Industry/manufacturing contributes 20.8 percent of the country's labor force. Additionally, two laboratories, one of cosmic radiation and one of marine sciences occupy the Chilean Antarctic zone. Twelve summer bases open for a period of 4 months where national and international scientists, maintenance, and logistic support personnel triplicate its population. The latter is mainly populated by military personnel and few civilian families, 1,200 individuals live year round in four permanent bases. The country occupies an area of 756,950 square kilometers that includes island possessions (292,132 square miles) and 1,250,000 square kilometers (482,628 square miles) of claimed sovereignty of Chilean Antarctic territory, located between 53 and 90 longitudinal degrees West of Greenwich. Benjamin Subercaseaux, national writer and scholar, described the topographic territory as Chile o una Loca Geograf ía (Chile, a Geographic Extravaganza), in his book of the same title, referring to its vast variation of climates. A small area of the extreme north of the country is semi-tropical, immediately followed to the south by a harsh desert extension ( Atacama Desert), considered one of the most arid areas of the planet.

Its geographical location offers a variety of climates. The Republic of Chile is to the north of Peru, to the northeast with Bolivia, to the east with Argentina (separated by the Andes that forms a natural border), and to the west with the Pacific Ocean.

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